Controller [CRACKED]

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Action Controller is the C in MVC. After the router has determined which controller to use for a request, the controller is responsible for making sense of the request and producing the appropriate output. Luckily, Action Controller does most of the groundwork for you and uses smart conventions to make this as straightforward as possible.

For most conventional RESTful applications, the controller will receive the request (this is invisible to you as the developer), fetch or save data from a model, and use a view to create HTML output. If your controller needs to do things a little differently, that's not a problem, this is just the most common way for a controller to work.

A controller can thus be thought of as a middleman between models and views. It makes the model data available to the view, so it can display that data to the user, and it saves or updates user data to the model.

The naming convention of controllers in Rails favors pluralization of the last word in the controller's name, although it is not strictly required (e.g. ApplicationController). For example, ClientsController is preferable to ClientController, SiteAdminsController is preferable to SiteAdminController or SitesAdminsController, and so on.

Following this convention will allow you to use the default route generators (e.g. resources, etc) without needing to qualify each :path or :controller, and will keep named route helpers' usage consistent throughout your application. See Layouts and Rendering Guide for more details.

A controller is a Ruby class which inherits from ApplicationController and has methods just like any other class. When your application receives a request, the routing will determine which controller and action to run, then Rails creates an instance of that controller and runs the method with the same name as the action.

Some method names are reserved by Action Controller. Accidentally redefining them as actions, or even as auxiliary methods, could result in SystemStackError. If you limit your controllers to only RESTful Resource Routing actions you should not need to worry about this.

You will probably want to access data sent in by the user or other parameters in your controller actions. There are two kinds of parameters possible in a web application. The first are parameters that are sent as part of the URL, called query string parameters. The query string is everything after "?" in the URL. The second type of parameter is usually referred to as POST data. This information usually comes from an HTML form which has been filled in by the user. It's called POST data because it can only be sent as part of an HTTP POST request. Rails does not make any distinction between query string parameters and POST parameters, and both are available in the params hash in your controller:

Also, if you've turned on config.wrap_parameters in your initializer or called wrap_parameters in your controller, you can safely omit the root element in the JSON parameter. In this case, the parameters will be cloned and wrapped with a key chosen based on your controller's name. So the above JSON request can be written as:

The params hash will always contain the :controller and :action keys, but you should use the methods controller_name and action_name instead to access these values. Any other parameters defined by the routing, such as :id, will also be available. As an example, consider a listing of clients where the list can show either active or inactive clients. We can add a route that captures the :status parameter in a "pretty" URL:

In this case, when a user opens the URL /clients/active, params[:status] will be set to "active". When this route is used, params[:foo] will also be set to "bar", as if it were passed in the query string. Your controller will also receive params[:action] as "index" and params[:controller] as "clients".

You can set global default parameters for URL generation by defining a method called default_url_options in your controller. Such a method must return a hash with the desired defaults, whose keys must be symbols:

If you define default_url_options in ApplicationController, as in the example above, these defaults will be used for all URL generation. The method can also be defined in a specific controller, in which case it only affects URLs generated there.

Your application has a session for each user in which you can store small amounts of data that will be persisted between requests. The session is only available in the controller and the view and can use one of several of different storage mechanisms:

In this example, the filter is added to ApplicationController and thus all controllers in the application inherit it. This will make everything in the application require the user to be logged in to use it. For obvious reasons (the user wouldn't be able to log in in the first place!), not all controllers or actions should require this. You can prevent this filter from running before particular actions with skip_before_action:

Note that the filter, in this case, uses send because the logged_in? method is private, and the filter does not run in the scope of the controller. This is not the recommended way to implement this particular filter, but in simpler cases, it might be useful.

Again, this is not an ideal example for this filter, because it's not run in the scope of the controller but gets the controller passed as an argument. The filter class must implement a method with the same name as the filter, so for the before_action filter, the class must implement a before method, and so on. The around method must yield to execute the action.

In every controller, there are two accessor methods pointing to the request and the response objects associated with the request cycle that is currently in execution. The request method contains an instance of ActionDispatch::Request and the response method returns a response object representing what is going to be sent back to the client.

Rails collects all of the parameters sent along with the request in the params hash, whether they are sent as part of the query string, or the post body. The request object has three accessors that give you access to these parameters depending on where they came from. The query_parameters hash contains parameters that were sent as part of the query string while the request_parameters hash contains parameters sent as part of the post body. The path_parameters hash contains parameters that were recognized by the routing as being part of the path leading to this particular controller and action.

With this in place, you can create namespaced controllers that inherit from AdminsController. The filter will thus be run for all actions in those controllers, protecting them with HTTP basic authentication.

Sometimes you may want to send a file to the user instead of rendering an HTML page. All controllers in Rails have the send_data and the send_file methods, which will both stream data to the client. send_file is a convenience method that lets you provide the name of a file on the disk, and it will stream the contents of that file for you.

If you want to do something a bit more elaborate when catching errors, you can use rescue_from, which handles exceptions of a certain type (or multiple types) in an entire controller and its subclasses.

If you'd like to ensure that communication to your controller is only possiblevia HTTPS, you should do so by enabling the ActionDispatch::SSL middleware viaconfig.force_ssl in your environment configuration.

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A controller often oversees the department leads within finance for each respective department tied to financial reporting. This may include the accounts payable lead, procurement lead, purchasing lead, financial reporting manager, or payroll manager."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Is a Controller the Same As CFO or VP of Finance?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A controller is not the same as a CFO or VP of Finance. A CFO or VP of Finance are often higher-level positions that are on the executive team. Meanwhile, a controller is usually a lower-level position that is less involved in strategic planning or external affairs and mostly involved in internal reporting."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "What Qualifications Does a Controller Need?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A controller must often have around at least 10 years of professional experience, though larger public companies will often require more. Though an accounting or finance license is not always required, a controller may need to carry a CPA license. A controller usually needs to have at least some sort of higher education as well."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Why Is a Controller Important?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A controller is important to finance as they control the risk and reporting aspect of the company. A controller is the point person for making sure the financial reporting is done correctly. They are also the person to understand why inaccuracies may exist, what changes must be put in place, and how those changes will impact future reports."}}]}]}] EducationGeneralDictionaryEconomicsCorporate FinanceRoth IRAStocksMutual FundsETFs401(k)Investing/TradingInvesting EssentialsFundamental AnalysisPortfolio ManagementTrading EssentialsTechnical AnalysisRisk ManagementNewsCompany NewsMarkets NewsCryptocurrency NewsPersonal Finance NewsEconomic NewsGovernment NewsSimulatorYour MoneyPersonal FinanceWealth ManagementBudgeting/SavingBankingCredit CardsHome OwnershipRetirement PlanningTaxesInsuranceReviews & RatingsBest Online BrokersBest Savings AccountsBest Home WarrantiesBest Credit CardsBest Personal LoansBest Student LoansBest Life InsuranceBest Auto InsuranceAdvisorsYour PracticePractice ManagementFinancial Advisor CareersInvestopedia 100Wealth ManagementPortfolio ConstructionFinancial PlanningAcademyPopular CoursesInvesting for BeginnersBecome a Day TraderTrading for BeginnersTechnical AnalysisCourses by TopicAll CoursesTrading CoursesInvesting CoursesFinancial Professional CoursesSubmitTable of ContentsExpandTable of ContentsWhat Is a Controller?Understanding Financial ControllersRolesDutiesSkillsetCareer PathAccounting vs. ControllingController vs. Other RolesController FAQsThe Bottom LineCorporate FinanceAccountingFinancial Controller Roles, Duties, Skillset, Career PathByWill Kenton Full Bio LinkedIn Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School for Social Research and Doctor of Philosophy in English literature from NYU.Learn about our editorial policiesUpdated September 27, 2022Reviewed byChip Stapleton Reviewed byChip StapletonFull Bio LinkedIn Chip Stapleton is a Series 7 and Series 66 license holder, CFA Level 1 exam holder, and currently holds a Life, Accident, and Health License in Indiana. He has 8 years experience in finance, from financial planning and wealth management to corporate finance and FP&A.Learn about our Financial Review BoardFact checked byHans Daniel Jasperson Fact checked byHans Daniel JaspersonFull Bio LinkedIn Hans Daniel Jasperson has over a decade of experience in public policy research, with an emphasis on workforce development, education, and economic justice. His research has been shared with members of the U.S. Congress, federal agencies, and policymakers in several states.Learn about our editorial policies Investopedia / Paige McLaughlin 2b1af7f3a8

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